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Halifax

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

S3: When do Marine Protected Areas Produce Economic Benefits to Local Communities?

Session Chairs: Anthony Charles, Saint Mary’s University; Cintia Gillam, Saint Mary’s University;

13:30 – 13:48  |  3805841

Social-ecological wellbeing, MPAs and Tara Bandu traditional practices in Timor-Leste, Southeast Asia

Cintia Gillam1; Anthony Charles1;   Cintia.Gillam@smu.ca
1Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;

This presentation examines material, subjective and relational wellbeing in relation to the sustainability of conservation practices at the community level. The study involves socio-economic, ecological and governance measures to assess the state of Tara Bandu based fishery and coastal management at the community level. The research also explores local support for a Marine Protected Area in Vila Maumeta, a Locally-Managed Marine Area (LMMA) in Beloi, and conservation in Nino Konis Santana National Park.

13:48 – 14:06  |  3553782

Marine reserves in rural economies: Insights from a spatially explicit local general equilibrium model

Amanda Lindsay1;   arlindsay@ucdavis.edu
1University of California Davis, Davis, United States;

Marine reserves are widely used to protect vulnerable marine habitat. Reserves may help restors overfished stocks, depending on characteristics of a fishery, and proper establishment, placement and enforcement. However even an ecologically successful marine reserve may have mixed economic effects on households within a rural economy. The economic impact realized by a household depends on many factors including distance to the reserve and other fishing areas, endowments of productive assets, and access to alternative livelihood options. Imperfections in rural markets, such as local labor and capital markets, may exacerbate the impacts of a reserve. This research estimates the local economic and ecological impacts of marine reserves on a rural economy, using a spatially explicit bioeconomic local general equilibrium model. The structural model has been parameterized and calibrated using a unique microeconomic dataset, comprised of a random sample of households and businesses from a small island in eastern Indonesia. We model multiple representative household groups and economic sectors in the local economy, allowing for the estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of marine reserves. We estimate the heterogeneous impacts incurred by poor and non-poor households, and illustrate how impacts vary over space. The findings from this analysis quantify the benefits and costs of possible marine reserve sites, and how economic impacts of marine reserves are transmitted heterogeneously over space. The examination of the general equilibrium impacts helps us understand the ways market imperfections threaten the success of marine reserves implemented in rural economies.

14:06 – 14:24  |  3805952

Marine protected areas: Interactions with fishery livelihoods and food security

Anthony Charles1;   Tony.Charles@smu.ca
1Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;

This presentation explores experiences with marine protected areas (MPAs) in the context of livelihoods and food security. While assessing impacts of MPAs on fisheries livelihoods and food security meets with difficulties related to external drivers, monitoring costs and a lack of comprehensive data, nevertheless, it is possible to identify certain key problem areas, associated with the distribution of costs and benefits, the high degree of dependence of fishing communities, the highly dynamic patterns of evolution of the context of fisheries and MPAs, the difficulty and cost of enforcement, and commonly recurrent financing difficulties. Despite these challenges, positive outcomes observed in practice include improved social cohesion and participation, conservation and incomes, given dedicated policies and sufficient capacity, strong community participation and use of traditional knowledge, communication among stakeholders, and where appropriate, compensation, alternative livelihoods and income-generating activities.

14:24 – 15:00

DISCUSSION

Group discussion will follow oral presentations.

 

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